Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Memory, but Not Naive, CD4 + T Cells Expressing Transcription Factor T-bet Might Drive Rapid Cytokine Production *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.608745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetics of cytokine secretion by activated naive and memory CD4+ T cells. Naive and memory CD4+ T cells were isolated from CD4+ T cells by MACS microbeads, and the purity of naive or memory CD4+ T cells was more than 97% as determined by flow cytometry (a). Naive and memory CD4+ T cells were stimulated with (open histogram) or without (shaded histogram) PMA and ionomycin in the presence of BFA for 6 h. Cells were stained by intracellular staining and analyzed by FACS (b). Purified naive and memory CD4+ T cells were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 (1 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (1 μg/ml) for 0 to 72 h, and the concentrations of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA (c). Data are representative of three separate experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: Human ELISA kits for cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were purchased from BD Biosciences.

Techniques: Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Purification, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Shock (Augusta, Ga.)

Article Title: The Protective Effect of a Short Peptide Derived from Cold-inducible RNA-binding Protein in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000988

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum was collected 24 h after RIR and used to measure (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-1β using ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (sham: n = 4 mice; RIR + vehicle: n = 5 mice; RIR + vehicle: n = 5 mice) and compared by one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls method. *P < 0.05 versus sham; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle. RIR, renal ischemia-reperfusion; SEM, standard error of the mean; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Article Snippet: Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were determined with an ELISA kit, specific to mouse TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: SR-A, MARCO and TLRs Differentially Recognise Selected Surface Proteins from Neisseria meningitidis : an Example of Fine Specificity in Microbial Ligand Recognition by Innate Immune Receptors

doi: 10.1159/000155227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polyanionic ligands do not stimulate TLR-mediated cytokine induction. Bg-PMϕ from WT and MyD88–/– mice were stimulated with 1 µg/ml of each polyanionic ligand and the induction of IL-6 (a) and TNF-α (b) was measured. Cells were separately stimulated with E. coli LPS (100 ng/ml), which served as a positive control for cytokine induction.

Article Snippet: The ELISA kits for murine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, Calif., USA).

Techniques: Positive Control

Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: SR-A, MARCO and TLRs Differentially Recognise Selected Surface Proteins from Neisseria meningitidis : an Example of Fine Specificity in Microbial Ligand Recognition by Innate Immune Receptors

doi: 10.1159/000155227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selected N. meningitidis surface proteins stimulate TLR-mediated cytokine induction. Bg-PMϕ from WT and MyD88–/– mice were stimulated with 1 µg/ml of the purified recombinant N. meningitidis surface proteins and the induction of IL-6 (a) and TNF-α (b) was measured. Cells were separately stimulated with E. coli LPS (100 ng/ml), which served as a positive control for cytokine induction.

Article Snippet: The ELISA kits for murine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, Calif., USA).

Techniques: Purification, Recombinant, Positive Control

Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: SR-A, MARCO and TLRs Differentially Recognise Selected Surface Proteins from Neisseria meningitidis : an Example of Fine Specificity in Microbial Ligand Recognition by Innate Immune Receptors

doi: 10.1159/000155227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine induction in SR-A–/–, MARCO–/– and double knock-out Mϕ. RPMϕ from WT, SR-A–/–, MARCO–/– and SR-A-MARCO–/– double knock-out animals were stimulated with 1 µg/ml of the N. meningitidis proteins that were showntobeTLR agonists in figure ​figure44 and the induction of IL-6 (a) and TNF-α (b) was measured. Each strain of Mϕ was also stimulated with E. coli LPS (100 ng/ml), which served as a positive control for cytokine induction.

Article Snippet: The ELISA kits for murine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, Calif., USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out, Positive Control

Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: SR-A, MARCO and TLRs Differentially Recognise Selected Surface Proteins from Neisseria meningitidis : an Example of Fine Specificity in Microbial Ligand Recognition by Innate Immune Receptors

doi: 10.1159/000155227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of receptor interaction with N. meningitidis proteins

Article Snippet: The ELISA kits for murine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, Calif., USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Investigation of the curative effects of palm vitamin E tocotrienols on autoimmune arthritis disease in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53424-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma concentrations of ( a ) TNF-α, ( b ) IL-6, and ( c ) IL-1β measured before and after treatment using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of the means (n = 10 rats/group). *p < 0.05 compared with the control group, **p < 0.05 compared with the arthritis group.

Article Snippet: Plasma levels of cytokines were determined using ELISA kits for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Novateinbio, Novatein Biosciences, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Polysaccharides Isolated from Açaí Fruit Induce Innate Immune Responses

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017301

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) PBMCs were collected from three donors and cultured with indicated agonists at various concentrations (x axis). Cultures were performed in triplicate. Data represent the mean fold increase (CD69 mean fluorescence) versus medium for each agonist/concentration value. Error bars represent normalized SD. B) PBMCs were incubated with polysaccharide fractions (150 µg/mL) and ROS production was measured over 300 min. C) ROS production from PBMCs was measured as a function of dose. PBMCs were incubated with the indicated concentrations of polysaccharide fractions, LPS, or vehicle only for 24 h. ROS production was then measured for 3 h from triplicate samples. Data represent the mean ± SD total luminescence over 3 h. Values are from one experiment, representative of three independent experiments. D). An ELISA was used to measure cytokine production by human PBMCs treated with 50 µg Acai-PS. Values represent the mean fold increase versus medium control cultures from triplicate wells. Error bars represent SD. Cultures were from one subject. Production of IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, and as well as limited IL-8 was confirmed in PBMCs from at least one additional donor using different ELISA reagents.

Article Snippet: Human TNF-α or IL-6 enzyme-linked ELISA kits (Becton Dickinson and Biolegend) were used to quantify TNF-α or IL-6 levels in the cell supernatant fluids from PBMC or MonoMac-6 cultures.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Polysaccharides Isolated from Açaí Fruit Induce Innate Immune Responses

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017301

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human PBMCs or MonoMac-6 macrophages were incubated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of polysaccharide fractions Acai-1, Acai-1 pretreated with endotoxin-removing gel (Acai-1 ER ), Acai-2, Acai-3, or 200 ng/mL LPS. Cell-free supernatants were collected, and extracellular TNF-α and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. Values represent the mean ± SD of triplicate samples from one experiment, which is representative of at least three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Human TNF-α or IL-6 enzyme-linked ELISA kits (Becton Dickinson and Biolegend) were used to quantify TNF-α or IL-6 levels in the cell supernatant fluids from PBMC or MonoMac-6 cultures.

Techniques: Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Beneficial Effects of Naringenin in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Damage to the Lung Based on Bioinformatic Prediction and In Vitro Analysis

doi: 10.3390/molecules25204704

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of naringenin on CSE-induced IL-8 ( A ) and TNF-α ( B ) levels in BEAS-2B cells. Data are expressed as the means ± SD. ** p < 0.01 vs. Control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. CSE alone group.

Article Snippet: The ELISA kits for IL-8 and TNF-α were purchased from USCNK (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: